Women in Music Ruler

12" Wooden Ruler made in U.S.A. of American-grown basswood. Including composers and conductors, instrumentalists and vocalists, this ruler celebrates the contribution made by women to Western classical music. The list is fascinating. Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) was a Benedictine abbess, writer, poet, and composer who lived in 12th-century Germany. In our day, no monophonic music, meaning music consisting of a melody without accompanying harmony, is more often recorded than hers. Our ruler features female musicians from Greece, Germany, Cuba, France, Mexico, Sweden, Brazil, England, Italy, Australia, The United States, Austria, Spain, New Zealand and Japan. The dates listed on this ruler are the years of each individual's birth and death, if known, or simply birth date, if still alive. The "head" image is of Maria Callas (1923-1977), born in New York City to Greek immigrant parents, who became known as "La Divina".